Tendons are resilient bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones, providing stability and facilitating movement. Tendonitis, a common source of foot or ankle discomfort, arises from inflammation surrounding a tendon. While often stemming from overuse, inadequate stretching before physical activity or improper form during exercise can also contribute to tendonitis.
Symptoms of Tendonitis
Tendon injuries can manifest acutely, occurring suddenly, or develop gradually over time. Initially, tendonitis may present as dull, achy pain, progressing to sharp, burning sensations or radiating discomfort around the foot or ankle. Additional symptoms may include stiffness, swelling, weakness, and tenderness.
Types of Tendonitis
Several forms of tendonitis commonly affect the foot and ankle:
- Achilles tendonitis: Involving inflammation of the Achilles tendon—the largest tendon in the foot—connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone.
- Posterior tibial tendonitis: Characterized by inflammation or rupture of the posterior tibial tendon, linking the calf muscle to the bones on the inner side of the foot.
- Peroneal tendonitis: Occurring when the peroneal tendons, running along the outer ankle behind the fibula, become strained and inflamed due to overuse.
- Flexor tendonitis: Affecting the flexor tendon responsible for stabilizing the toes, often causing pain in the foot arch or inside the back of the ankle.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Tendonitis
Prompt medical attention is crucial for tendon injuries to prevent worsening. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and medical history review to assess instability, swelling, and weakness.
Treatment aims to alleviate pain and inflammation. For mild cases, conservative measures are usually recommended, such as:
- Footwear modifications
- Arch supports or orthotics
- Prescription braces
- Anti-inflammatory or cortisone injections
In severe or unresponsive cases, minimally invasive surgical intervention may be necessary to address tendonitis effectively.