Ingrown toenails, medically known as onychocryptosis, are a common condition characterized by the edges or corners of the nail growing into the adjacent skin. This occurrence results in the nail breaking through the skin, leading to inflammation. Initially, this inflammation may present as minor discomfort but can potentially develop into a recurring problem or become infected.
Causes of Ingrown Toenails
Ingrown toenails are prevalent, particularly among athletes, and frequently affect the big toe. They can occur in individuals of any gender due to various factors, including:
- Poor hygiene practices
- Abnormal nail shape or curvature
- Ill-fitting footwear
- Trauma to the toe
- Incorrect nail trimming techniques
- Postural issues
Symptoms of Ingrown Toenails
The severity and cause of ingrown toenails dictate the presence and intensity of symptoms. Common signs include:
- Pain and tenderness along the side of the toenail
- Redness surrounding the toenail
- Swelling in the affected toe
- Discharge of pus from the area
While many of these symptoms may not necessitate immediate medical attention, individuals experiencing extreme discomfort or those with underlying conditions like diabetes warrant prompt evaluation by a healthcare professional.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Ingrown Toenails
A physical examination by a doctor suffices for diagnosing ingrown toenails. In some cases, an X-ray may be performed, particularly if the condition is attributable to an injury or to assess the depth of nail penetration.
For non-infected ingrown toenails, various home remedies may suffice, including:
- Soaking the feet in warm water
- Gently pushing the skin away from the nail edge
- Utilizing over-the-counter medications
- Applying topical ointments to prevent infection
In instances where the ingrown toenail has progressed to an infected state, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgery involves either partial or complete removal of the affected toenail to eliminate the infection. Individuals experiencing complications with ingrown toenails are advised to seek guidance from a podiatrist for appropriate evaluation and treatment options.