Plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory condition stemming from degenerative irritation at the insertion point of the plantar fascia ligament—a robust band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes. Serving as shock absorbers, these ligaments support the foot arch. However, excessive pressure can lead to inflammation, resulting in heel pain and stiffness, particularly noticeable during the first steps after waking or prolonged periods of rest.
While commonly associated with runners, plantar fasciitis can affect individuals regardless of their activity level. Increased pressure on the plantar fascia is the primary cause, making overweight or obese individuals more susceptible to this condition.
Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis
Diagnosis begins with a thorough physical examination by a podiatrist to identify pain or tenderness in the foot and pinpoint the exact location of discomfort. Various stretches may be performed to assess the strength and condition of the plantar fascia ligaments. In cases where the physical exam is inconclusive, X-rays may be ordered to rule out stress fractures or other underlying issues.
Treatment Options for Plantar Fasciitis
Initial treatment typically revolves around conservative measures, including rest, icing, and avoiding aggravating activities. Additional conservative approaches may include:
- Orthotics or padding: Custom orthotics or heel pads can provide cushioning and alleviate pain.
- Stretching exercises: Various stretches help elongate the plantar fascia ligament, reducing discomfort.
- Night splints: A night splint may be recommended to maintain the foot at a specific angle and prevent ligament contraction during sleep.
- Injections: Anti-inflammatory steroid injections may be administered to reduce inflammation and pain.
For severe cases unresponsive to conservative methods, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common procedure, plantar fascia release, involves surgically releasing a portion of the plantar fascia ligament from the heel bone to alleviate tension and pain. Surgery is typically considered a last resort after exhausting conservative treatment options.